The majestic Mt. Matutum

"Mt. Matutum, a steep, non active, volcano is located north of the town of General Santos in the province of South Cotabato. It’s irregular and characteristic shape is formed by volcanic uplift during previous periods of activity. Mt. Matutum has a well-preserved 320-m-wide crater at the volcano's summit, it’s last eruption was recorded in 1911. At a 2,286 meters rising high above sea level, Mt. Matutum is undoubtedly the provinces most imposing land mark that dominates the entire landscape from General Santos to Koronadal City.

The name Matutum is derived from the Blaa’n term “Amyak Maleh”, that means Climb and Plant. The forested slopes of this majestic mountain are covered with huge ferns, trees and plants that abundantly grow in the wild and are host to diverse animal and plant species, including the national bird, the Philippine Eagle. One of the tallest, rarest, largest and most powerful birds in the world. There are many creeks with free, cool and clear flowing water coming from the hillsides. Mt. Matutum is eyed as one of the greenest outdoor destinations in South Cotabato, this place is a perfect hub for promoting ecotourism in a big way. The slopes and steps of Mt. Matutum will lure the imagination of many visitors.

This mountain is nominated as a new UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mt. Matutum’s forest is being protected and managed by the Blaa’n, an indigenous group that inhabits the southern part of South Cotabato.

The prominent Mt. Matutum is one of the favorite climbing destinations in the area and is considered as an outstanding challenge to mountaineers and nature lovers. Climbers are requested to plant a seedling on the mountain, a great initiative in making a positive contribution to the preservation of the local ecosystem. The hillside of Mt. Matutum is a stunning place where nature is abundant and unrestrained, a place where one feels a humble respect for nature and the environment. The top of the volcano is offering a magnificent panoramic view of Polomolok, Koronadal City and General Santos City.

All of this creates one of the most amazing natural experiences that people can enjoy."

NAME OF VOLCANO: MATUTUM

LOCATION: Cotabato, 15 km north of Polomolok, South Cotabato and around 30 km

north-northwest of General Santos City (6°22'N, 125°06.5'E)

PHYSICAL FEATURES

Elevation: 2.286 km

Base Diameter: 25 km

Type of Volcano: Stratovolcano

Hotsprings: Akmoan and Linan springs (5.7 aerial km WSW of Matutum)

Adjacent Volcanic Edifice: Landayao, Tampad and Albulhek (west of Matutum), Magolo (north of Matutum)

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES

Rock Type: Andesite

Tectonic Setting: Cotabato Arc

Age of Deposits: 665+40 (Trimble/Martines, 1995, unpub. data) 2120+ 80, 2350+60 ybp (Rubin/Sabit, 1994, unpub. data)

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

Number of Historical Eruptions: 1

Date: 07 March 1911

Eruption Type: Phreatic (?)

MONITORING ACTIVITY

1992 - Short-term monitoring was conducted at Matutum Volcano from 04-20 November 1992. Results of the survey showed that the volcano was seismically quiet.

2004 – Establishment of Matutum-Parker Seismic Network that would monitor both volcanoes

"Mt. Matutum, a volcano that nourished the soil of the province, giving food and life to the people of South Cotabato, is truly a gift of Mother Nature."

Durian Garden

"Durian Garden is a local resort in Polomolok and one of the main agri-tourism destination of the South, a great location with an excellent restaurant thas has a casual atmosphere.
It is well known for the best Durian fruit in many different varieties in South Cotabato and a producer of the renowned durian ice cream. The garden is also abundant with rambutan and lanzones and has many durian trees and beautiful exotic flowers that can only be found there."

A perfect place for someone who wants to commune with nature. With today's hurried lifestyle, one would give anything for some room to breathe... a sanctuary where one can unwind and bask in the warmth of Nature... blue skies, a patch of green grass, a kaleidoscope of luscious fruits, birds and cassowary rooming around. A virtual small paradise, the right food for the eyes and soul..."

My Polomolok

"Polomolok is a beautiful place located at the southern portion of South Cotabato and is about 300 meters above sea level at the base of the majestic Mt. Matutum the municipality's most imposing landmark. Polomolok is a 1st class municipality of South Cotabato and is home to Dole Philippines the world's largest producer and marketer of high-quality fresh/canned pineapples, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables and fresh cut flowers."

"The B´laans can be found in Polomolok, the name of the place was derived from the B’laan word “Flomlok’ which means hunting grounds, for its abundance of wild life. Like any other city in the Philippines Polomolok has it´s own festival, the Flomlok festival, celebrated in September. The people of Polomolok celebrate by showcasing the local products and a mix of social and cultural activities. One of the main tourist attractions in Polomolok is the Salkak Cave, a place where nature lovers can enjoy the cool springs and the fresh mountain breeze outside and the thrilling adventure of caving."

Mindanao falls

ILIGAN CITY
Industrial City of the South
Postal Code 9200
Area Code 063
Land Area 775.76sq km
Population 225,935
Dialects Spoken Cebuano 92.27%, Maranao 3.39%, Tagalog/Hiligaynon 1.00%, others 3.3% Majority can speak and understand Tagalog and English
Religion 93.61% Christian, Others 6.39%

People and Culture
Iliganons are a mixture of the Muslim and Cebuano stock with a bit of Tagalog and some other cultural group minorities and emigrants from other places.
Area Profile
Iligan City is located at the northwestern coast of Mindanao facing Iligan Bay, 795 kms. south of Manila. It is centrally located in the Visayas-Mindanao domestic market and proximate to the BIMP East AEAN Growth Area. A major component of the Cagayan-Iligan Corridor, the fastest growing regional growth center in Mindanao and one of the priority investment areas in the Philippines. It is the home of the country's steel industry and Mindanao's electric power source.
Commerce and Industry
Iligan is the industrial, commercial and education center of the province of Lanao del Norte. The city has 14 major manufacturing industries benefiting 6,412 semi and highly skilled workers are producing different products such as oxygen and acetylene, pipes and fitting, coco oil, cement, assorted biscuits, caustic soda and polyvinyl chloride, calcium carbide, recapped tires, cold and hot rolled coils, flour and burned and unburned bricks. It is also hosts the Mindanao Regional Center of the National Power Corporation in Mindanao because of the number of hydroelectric plants located in the city.
Amenities
Iligan offers quite a number of scenic spots, including waterfalls, cool springs, fine beaches. If you're a spelunker, Iligan has more than enough caves for you. It has a few good hotels and inns, too, with cable TVs and telephones capable of international direct distance dialing. With a mixed population of Christians, Muslims and the native Higa-onons, ethnic products abound in Iligan's shopping centers. It has fine restaurants, among them the nationally acclaimed Sunburst Fried Chicken. It also has the popular fastfood chains found in Manila.
EVENTS
September 27-29 - Viva Sr. San Miguel
The most awaited annual event by the Iliganons because of its being the biggest and most colorful showcase of cultural heritage of Lumad, Muslim and Hispanic Cultures. It is also a from of religious release for them.
September 29 - Sinulog
The Sinulog is the most attended and popular of the fiesta highlights. Performed only in the afternoon of the feast day, this ritualistic street-dance drama (also called eskrima) mimics the celestial battle between Lucifer and San Miguel. It is an improvised dance on the street and anybody from the crowd is free to join in. The performers, upon vanquishing their imaginary foe, cry out, "Viva Señor San Miguel!" and the crowd roars back, "Viva!" This is repeated throughout the dance.
INTERESTING DESTINATIONS
Bayug
- Located 2. 5 km north of Polacion, Bayug is the site of the first Christian settlement founded circa 1600.
ANAHAW AMPHITHEATER
- Located at Buhangin hill in the southeastern side of the city hall, 2.3 kilometers from the city proper.
TIMOGA COLD SPRINGS
- Located along the national highway at Timoga, Brgy. Buru-un, 8 kilometers away from the city proper

How to get There
By Air,
Iligan is accessible via Cagayan de Oro's Lumbia Airport, then an hour-and-a-half land travel to Iligan (100 kms away). The Cagayan de Oro airport is serviced by PAL (3 flights daily), GrandAir and Cebu Pacific (1 flight each daily) with B-737 and DC-9 aircrafts from/to Manila. There are also PAL flights from/to Cebu and Davao. Mindanao Express also has flights to/fro the airport.
By Land,
Four bus companies with tourist class coaches ply the Iligan route destined for Cagayan de Oro, Butuan and Davao on the east and Pagadian, Ozamiz and Zamboanga on the west. Air-conditioned vans ply the Marawi-Cotabato route.
By Sea,
Passenger (including luxury liners) and cargo vessels ply from Iligan to Cebu, Dumaguete, Manila and Siquijor. Also accessible via Cagayan de Oro or Ozamiz."

The Summer Capital of South Central Mindanao"

Lake Sebu

You cross a cheerful countryside with many orchards and plantations, notably the immense Dole pineapple plantation. Etched from a distance is the imposing silhouette of the Matutum Volcano (2,293 meters). The last part of the route from Surullah onwards takes you up on the mountain trail. The atmosphere changes as soon as you leave the agricultural plain—the air gets cooler and the light becomes brighter. Finally, about two-and-a-half hours trip from General Santos, you arrive at Lake Sebu where you will notice the tilapia fish-breeding enclosures.

The resort is up on a cliff overlooking the lake. It is very popular among the locals who come here to spend the day, especially to have lunch in the little wood pavilions floating near the shoreline. The restaurant is situated on top of a hill with a pleasant terrace having a superb view of the lake. From the top, you can also view the tilapia fish-breeding enclosures that form interesting pattern of squares. The tilapia is served in all possible culinary preparations: kinilaw (raw in vinegar), adobo (stewed, in vinegar and soy sauce) grilled (the dishes are cooked on over charcoal fire) and then hauled up to the restaurant by an ingenious system of pulleys-

Mindanao mini Boracay

Gumasa, Glan Sarangani

Before the trip, I researched something about the place, just trying to make sure if I won’t be made into a human sacrifice just like how strangers in horror films usually end up when they go to an unfamiliar place. Yet, aware of the tricks of the trade and latest advances in the technology of photography, my skepticism still got the better out me."

I promised that the moment I arrived at the Rosal beach resort, I would rest the whole afternoon. After all, the place could not be that kind of a marvel for it to rejuvenate me from a stressful four-hour-or-so trip. Of course, I did not. In fact, I was so enthralled by the place and even thought that the pictures I saw in the net were of no comparison with what the beach in Gumasa Saranggani could offer.

Get a hold of this:

white, porous sand – check! It was even made whiter by the sun. My eyes were literally squinting every time I look at the beach.
Blue, clear water – check! If you go skinny dipping in the water, somebody who is 2 meters away from you would see your privates.
Boracay look but not with the wild Boracay atmosphere – check! The place is like a haven for people who intend to make a recluse out of themselves from humanity.

Over all, the place is not just all face value. Amidst the paradise it offers, the aura that you get from the place is all tranquility and peace. When I got to the place, I saw that there is more to life than the busy and competitive world.

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

"The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (abbreviated ARMM) is the region of the Philippines that is composed of all the Philippines' predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Shariff Kabunsuan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi, and the Philippines' only predominantly Muslim city, the Islamic City of Marawi. It is the only region that has its own government. The regional capital is at Cotabato City and an annex is also maintained in Zamboanga City, although these cities are outside of its jurisdiction.

Establishment of the ARMM

The Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao region was first created on August 1, 1989 through Republic Act No. 6734 otherwise known as the Organic Act in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. A plebiscite was held in the provinces of Basilan, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Palawan, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur; and in the cities of Cotabato, Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga to determine if the residents would want to be part of the ARMM.

Of the areas where the plebiscites were held only Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi voted favorably for inclusion in the new autonomous region. The ARMM was officially inaugurated on November 6, 1990 in Cotabato City, which was designated as its provisional capital.

In 2001 a new law was passed for the expansion of the ARMM to include the areas which initially rejected inclusion and the provinces which were carved from them, however only Marawi City and Basilan with the exception of Isabela City opted to be integrated in the region.

Economy

The region is one of the most impoverished areas in the Philippines. It has a per capita gross regional domestic product of only PhP3,433 in 2005, 75.8 percent lower than the national average of PhP14,186. It is the lowest among the Philippines' 17 regions, the second lowest region has a per capita income almost double the ARMM's. ^[3]
Poverty incidence in the region is a high 45.4 percent in 2003, almost twice the national average of 24.4 percent. Significant progress has been made in reducing poverty in the region, which was reduced by 10.5 percent from the 2000 figure, only the Caraga region has a higher poverty incidence in 2003. Lanao del Sur reduced its povery incidence by as much as 26.9 percent, placing itself as the 12th most successful province in poverty reduction. Tawi-Tawi and Sulu have reduced their figures by 18 and 17.6 percent, respectively. In 2000, all the four provinces of the ARMM were among the 10 poorest in the Philippines. By 2003, Lanao del Sur, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi were out of the bottom 10, leaving only Maguindanao, which remains to be the second poorest or the second with the highest incidence of poverty among the Philippines' provinces.
Despite its "autonomous" nature, the ARMM receives approximately 98% of its operating revenue from the National Government of the Philippines, and has yet to create significant, viable sources of additional revenue. Perhaps for this reason, the per capita spending on such vital services as education and infrastructure are among the lowest in the Philippines, and the five provinces of the ARMM continue to be ranked consistently on the lower rungs of economic development within the country. The per student expenditure on education, for example, is less than $100, with the result that students within ARMM schools generally score poorly, in comparison with other provinces, on standardized achievement tests administered throughout the country.

Cultural Heritage
Main articles: Music of the Philippines and Kulintang
The native Maguindanaon and other native Muslim/non-Muslim groups have a fascinating culture that revolves around kulintang music, a specific type of gong music, found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines."

Region XIII- CARAGA

Caraga is an administrative region of the Philippines, on the northeastern portion of the island of Mindanao. It is the newest region in the Philippines, and is also called Region XIII. The Caraga Region was created through Republic Act No. 7901 on February 25, 1995. The region is composed of four (4) provinces: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur; three (3) cities: Butuan, Surigao, Bislig; seventy (74) municipalities and 1,346 barangays. Butuan City is the regional center.

History
The history of Caraga can be traced back to the 15th century when explorers discovered the existence of "Kalagans", believed to be of Visayan Origin in one of the three districts in Mindanao. The word Caraga originated from the Visayan word Kalagan: kalag meaning soul or people, and a meaning land. The Kalagans have a long history of being brave and fearless. Thus, the region was called by early chroniclers as the "Land of the Brave and Fierce People".
The "Kalagans", called "Caragans" by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan Provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit. While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved.
It is reported that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas.

Location and size
Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is located between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. latitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean.
The region has a total land area of 18,846.97 km². This represents 6.3% of the country’s total land area and 18.5% of the island of Mindanao. 47.6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur.
Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands. Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao Provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh also sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight (8) municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte.

 Climate

Caraga Region has Type II kind of climate, with no pronounced wet and dry season. It has been observed that during the months of November to February, occurrence of heavy rains is usually experienced in the region.

 Land classification and major land uses

Of the total land area, 71.22% is forestland and 28.78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31.36% and 23.98% of agricultural and open spaces.

 Gross regional domestic product (GRDP)

The region performed fairly well in terms of regional output contributing 8.01% in 1998, 8.25% in 1999 and 8.29% in 2000 to the Mindanao GRDP. The region contributed 1.44% in 1998, 1.48% in 1999 and 1.50% in 2000, to the Philippine economy. In terms of growth rate, the region accelerated faster and outpaced the other regions in Mindanao from 1998 to 2000, except for the Southern Mindanao Region which posted a 6.06% increase in 1999-2000. Caraga Region recorded a 5.42% increase during the same period.
GRDP in 2000 amounted to P14.336 Billion as against the 1999 performance of P13.599 Billion. The deceleration of the region’s economy from 6.03% in 1999 to 5.42% in 2000 was attributed to the slowdown of the Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry (AFF) and Services sectors. The improved performance of the Industry sector, from 5.69% in 1999 to 6.69% in 2000, cushioned the effects of what could have been a slowdown of the region’s economy.

 Population

Based on the final results of the 2000 census, the total population of the region was 2,095,367 which was 7.86% higher than the 1995 population of 1,942,687. The annual population growth rate over the last five years was pegged at a manageable 1.63%, one of the lowest in the country.
Among the four (4) provinces, Agusan del Sur registered the largest population at 559,294, and Surigao del Norte the smallest at 481,416. In terms of growth rate, Surigao del Norte was the fastest growing province with an annual average growth rate of 1.84% over the last five (5) years, while Surigao del Sur was the slowest at 1.35% over the same period.
Butuan and Surigao Cities which were included in the census tabulation have total population of 267,279 and 118,534, respectively. Butuan City registered an annual growth rate of 1.70% in the last five (5) years, while Surigao City posted 2.65%.

Language

Cebuano was spoken by 43.79% of the household population in the region. Other dialects spoken were Surigaonon, spoken by 25.21%; Kamayo, by 7.06% ; Boholanon, by 5.87%; Manobo, by 4.73%; Butuanon, by 31.9%; Hiligayon, by 2.87%; and other dialects by 7.20%.

 Religion

The 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Catholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. Most numerous in this census were the manobos with 294,284 or 43.55% of the total population of cultural communities. Most of them reside in the province of Agusan del Sur. Other cultural communities in the region with significant population were the Kamayo, Higa-onon, Banwaon, Umayamnon, and Mamanwa. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the province of Surigao del Norte, and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. It is related to the Butuanon and Tausug languages.

 Cultural Groups

The majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan heritage. The province is also home to several minority groups, totaling 675,722 in 1995, representing 34.7% of the region's population. Most numerous were the Manobos with 294,284 or 43.55% of the total population of ethnic minorities. Other cultural groups in the region with significant population were the Kamayo, Higa-onon, Banwaon, Umayamnon, and Mamanwa. Most members of these cultural groups reside in the province of Agusan del Sur.
It is reported that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas.

 Poverty

Poverty incidence in the region decreased by 1.7% from 44.7% in 1997 to 42.9% in 2000. Another positive development is the increase in the regional annual family income based on the 1997 and 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, which increased by 13.65% from PhP 71,7126.00 in 1997 to PhP 81,519.00 in 2000. Regional annual family expenditures also posted a 16.65% increase, from PhP 61,815.00 in 1997 to PhP 72,108.00 in 2000. The average annual savings slipped by 5% from PhP 9,911.00 to PhP 9,411.00. Poverty incidence data for 2003 is not yet available.^[2]
On a national and Mindanao-wide perspective, Caraga Region is one of the most impoverished regions in the country. The region has the fourth highest poverty incidence level of families among all the regions in the country for years 1997 and 2000 while among Mindanao regions, Caraga has the third highest poverty incidence (in terms of incidence of families).^[2]

 Regional economy

From 2001-2003, Caraga Region consistently maintained its performance vis-à-vis other regions in Mindanao, Philippines. Caraga posted a 0.9% growth rate compared to the 9.5% growth rate of Region 12 and the 2.6% growth rate of the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Caraga’s growth rate in 2001-2002 and the 2002-2003 period was the same (0.9%). This was much less than the growth of the population. This performance was better however than the region’s performance in 2000-2001 period, where the region’s economy declined by 1.4%.
The region’s contribution to Mindanao’s domestic product is 7.58% in 2003. In terms of per capita income, Caraga has the second lowest per capital income among Mindanao regions and nationwide. In 2003, the region accounted for 1.35% of the country’s GNP.

 Caraga’s GRDP: 2001-2003

Caraga’s economic performance, in terms of the GVA and the GRDP, was not as robust as expected. Nevertheless, some bright spots in the region’s economic sector emerged from 2001-2003 which the region can capitalize to further increase economic growth and maximize social welfare.
From the 1.4% decrease in the GRDP in 2000-2001, the GRDP bounced back in 2001-2002 by a 0.9% growth. The positive trend was maintained in 2002-2003, with the region’s GRDP growing by 0.9%, the same growth rate from the previous year.
The agriculture, fishery and forestry (AFF) sector is Caraga’s banner economic sector, exhibiting an increasing growth trend of 3.8% and 6.8% growth rates in 2001 and 2003 respectively. Despite the decreasing growth trend of the agriculture and fishery subsectors, the sizeable growth rate of the forestry subsector more than compensated for the decrease. The forestry subsector grew by 36.3% in 2003, the highest growth rate for any subsector in the region. It is also important to note that Caraga region has the highest GVA in the forestry subsector among all regions in the Philippines.
The services sector is also one of the bright spots in the region’s economy. After experiencing a decelerated growth rate in 2002 compared to the previous year’s 6.1% growth rate, the sector bounced back in 2003 with a 5.6% growth rate. Moreover, the trade subsector continued to be the dominant subsector posting a 5.6%, 6.6% and 6.3% growth rate in 2001 to 2003 respectively. It is significant to note that all the subsectors posted positive growth rates in 2001 and 2003. The transportation, communication and storage sub-sector posted the highest growth rate of 8.4% among the sub-sectors in the services sector.
The industry sector was the worst performing sector of the regional economy with a continuous decline from 2001-2003. Although the sector’s slide slightly decelerated in 2002 (-6.7% in 2002 from -13.3% decline in 2001), it contracted by -12.1% in 2003. The construction subsector had the largest decline of 16.6%, 11.3% and 33.5% in 2001, 2002 and 2003 respectively. The mining subsector also posted negative growth rates but the decreasing trend in this subsector decelerated. The manufacturing offset the decrease in the two sub-sectors by growing at 8.9% in 2003, making it the biggest contributor to this sector. It should be noted that even with the negative performance of the mining and quarrying sector, Caraga was the second highest producer of metallic minerals, with metallic mineral productions valued at PhP 1.25 billion in 2001 (Philippine Yearbook, 2003).

 Exports and investments

The amount of exports from the region and investments pouring in the region are concrete indicators of a region’s economic dynamism, progress and development. It also serves as an indirect indicator of the business climate in the region and a barometer of investor confidence in the region.
Investments in the region fell by 25.4% from PhP 6.3 billion in 2002 to PhP 4.6 billion in 2003. All provinces in the region posted a negative growth rate in investments, with Agusan del Sur posting the biggest year-on-year decline of 62.6% for the 2002-2003 period. Agusan del Norte’s percentage share on investments increased from 64.8% to 79.5% despite an 8.5% decline. Per DTI Caraga’s advise, the data on investments are partial at best and is not reflective of the whole investment level in the region. DTI Caraga’s data does not include public investment figures.
Exports decreased by 19.08% in the 2000-2001 period and 57.52% in 2001-2002. Agusan Norte, Surigao Norte and Surigao Sur posted negative growth rates in the 2000-2001 period, with Surigao Sur posting the biggest decrease in exports (81.31%). In 2002, Agusan Norte posted an impressive 741.04% increase in exports, a harbinger of increased economic activity in the province. Surigao Norte posted the biggest decrease in exports for 2002 (63.17%).
It is of interest to note that Caraga’s percentage contribution to Mindanao’s exports has been erratic. In 2000, the region contributed 1.87% to Mindanao’s exports; this expanded to 2.68% in 2001 only to decrease to 0.77% in 2002.^[2]

 Natural resources

Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development. The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather.

 Major products

Its long stretch of shoreline promises abundance in production of fisheries and aquatic products. With its large tract of fertile lands, the region has a great capacity in producing varied commercial crops as well as livestock and poultry. Major agricultural products of the region are palay, corn, coconut, gold, banana, rubber, oil palm, calamansi, prawns, milkfish, crabs, seaweeds and mango. Caraga's proximity to Cebu and Manila makes it a favorable shipping point for products to and from these markets. Nasipit Port can serve as a secondary shipping hub to Cagayan de Oro when traffic volume from other points in Mindanao increases. With a roll-on, roll-off (RORO) ferry service now in place, Surigao City serves as a vital transportation link for trucks and buses bound for Luzon.

 

Region 12 - Central Mindanao

"Central Mindanao is known in history as the site where the Muslim faith was introduced. It is composed of North Cotobato, South Cotobato, Sultan Kudarat and Sarangani.
North Cotobato
North Cotobato is a province with diverse, ethnic groups. It is a wildlife haven with places such as New Israel, known for its tame monkeys, Pisan Cave, which has a variety of bats and snakes, and Flortam Hot Spring, dubbed the 'Fountain of Youth' for its healing powers. Kidapawan City and Magpet are the starting points for climbers of Mt. Apo. Remnants of an old Spanish fort can be found in Pikit.
South Cotobato
South Cotobato is the home province of the T'boli tribe, who are known for their colorful costumes, intricate beadwork, woven baskets, and traditional brass ornaments. Lake Sebu, which is surrounded by rolling hills and waterfalls, is the site of the Lemlunay Cultural Festival every last week of November, and Lake Maughan is the source of 5 big rivers, and is abundant with flora and fauna, including the rare Tigris Butterfly. Mt. Matutum, located in the countryside, is a haven for climbers and trekkers. Waterfalls include Lumabat, Lumakot, Matamos and Narcon.
Sarangani
Sarangani's main attraction is the Sarangani Island which consists of blue lagoons, white sand beaches and tropical rain forest. Other beaches include Siguel and Gumasa, which has been compared to Boracay for its powdery, white sand. Another natural site is the Ayub Caves, where prehistoric pottery were discovered. Tampat is the site of a shrine and ancient tombs of the ruling Sultanates of Maguindanao.
Sultan Kudarat
Sultan Kudarat, named after the great ruler of Mindanao and Sulu during the 17th Century, is a big producer of food, especially fruits and vegetables. The people consists of Maguindanoans, Tirurays, Hiligaynons, Ilocanos and Cebuanos. Natural attractions include Marquez and Columbio Hot Springs, Lebak Caves, Buluan Lake, and Lebak and Kalamansig Beaches. The Waling-Waling Orchid can also be found in Sultan Kudarat."

Region 11 - Southern Mindanao

"Southern Mindanao is composed of Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur and Davao Oriental.

Compostela Valley
Compostela Valley is mainly agricultural while the eastern part is mostly mountainous. Natural attractions include cold springs, cascading falls, butterflies and exotic wildlife. White sand beaches include Copiat Island. The Mansakas, the indigenous natives in Compostela Valley, are known for their native dances, tribal jewelry, and unique musical instruments.

Davao del Norte
Davao del Norte has 32 rivers including the Agusan River. It is home to various cultural minorities including the Mandaya, Nansaka and Dibabaon Tribes, the Maragusan Mansaka at San Mariano, the Dunggas Muslim Village and Aeta settlements at Kapalong. Natural sites include the islands of Talicud, Ligid and Palma Gil, and the Caliclic and Talicud Caves.
Davao City is the center of travel and trade in the Southern Philippines, known for the exotic fruit 'durian', the Waling-Waling orchid, the Philippine Eagle and Mt. Apo, the highest peak in the country. Natural attractions include caves, waterfalls, rapids and mountains. Cultural sites include the Davao Museum, UP Mindanao Cultural Center, General Luna Art Gallery, and the T'Boli Weaving Center. Shopping malls and department stores include Shoe Mart, Gaisano Mall of Davao, Victoria Plaza, J.S. Gaisano Citimall, University Mall, New City Commercial Center and Aldevinco Shopping Center.

Davao del Sur
Davao del Sur is rich in agriculture and farms which include fish farms at Kiblawan and Santa Maria, a prawn farm and cocoa plantation in Malita, a sugar mill in Magonoy, a coconut desiccating plant in Santa Cruz and a fruit farm in Mt. Carmel nursery in Bansalan. Natural attractions include Balut Island, Tudaya Falls, Mariscal Beach, Mt. Apo and the Sibulan River.

Davao Oriental
Davao Oriental has both historical and natural sites. Historical sites include Ballestic Island, a fortress built by the Spanish Conquistador Villalobos, and the 17th Century Caraga Catholic Church. Natural attractions include the hot springs at Kalapagan and Pangyan, the islands of Sigaboy, Waniban and Cabugao and Aliwagwag Falls. The 'Tinagong Dagat' or Hidden Sea in San Isidro is a unique natural formation situated 1,000 feet above sea level. Sigaboy Floating in Governor Generosa is an island with the shape of a giant whale. White, gray and black sand beaches include Aroma, Bakayan, Bitoon, Manay and Taragona."

Region X Mindanao

Northern Mindanao
"Designated as Region X of the Philippines, Northern Mindanao (Filipino (Tagalog): Hilagang Mindanao) is composed of five provinces and two cities classified as highly-urbanized, all occupying the north-central part of Mindanao island, and the island-province of Camiguin. The regional center is Cagayan de Oro City, where the national government's regional offices and other big establishments are located. Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order No. 36.
Cultural groups
Majority of the region's inhabitants are migrants from Cebu and Iloilo. There are also Waray, Tagalog and Maranaos.

 Climate

Rainfall in Northern Mindanao is evenly distributed throughout the year. Its abundant vegetation, natural springs and high elevation contribute to the region's cool, mild and invigorating climate.

 Land use

Northern Mindanao has a total land area of 14,032.93 km² of which 6,571 km² is alienable and disposable lands, and the remaining 7,461.99 km².

 Natural resources

More than 60% of Northern Mindanao's total land area are classified as forest land. Its seas abound with fish and other marine products.

 Economy

The economy of Northern Mindanao is the largest regional economy in the island of Mindanao.^[1] The economy in Northern Mindanao is mainly agricultural. But there is also a booming growth of industries particularly in Cagayan de Oro City and in Iligan City. The famous Del Monte Philippines located in the Province of Bukidnon and its processing plant is located in Cagayan de Oro City, which shipped to the entire Philippines and Asia-Pacific region. The Agus-IV to VII Hydroelectric Plants in Iligan City and Baloi, Lanao del Norte supplies most of its electrical power in Mindanao."

REGION IX : WESTERN MINDANAO

"REGION IX : WESTERN MINDANAO
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Located in the southwestern region of the Philippines, it covers the provinces of Basilan, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur. It includes the major cities such as Zamboanga, Pagadian, Dipolog, and Dapitan. Pagadian City is the regional center.
The Sulu Sea lies on the north and west of the region, the Moro Gulf and Mindanao Sea on the south, and on the east are the provinces of Misamis Occidental and Lanao.
Due to its proximity to the other nations, Western Mindanao is envisioned to become the gateway and trading hub of the ASEAN communities, specifically the BIMP-EAGA (Brunei- Darussalam- Malaysia-Philippines East Asia Growth Area) and Australia and New Zealand.

POPULATION
In 2000, Region IX had a total population of 3,045,000. There was an increase of 8.02% from its population in 1995. In 1995, the male population was 45% of the total population and 58% lived in the rural areas. Zamboanga del Sur has the highest population concentration of 62%.
CULTURAL GROUPS
Many of the inhabitants come from cultural minorities: the Yakans of Basilan, the Tau-Lauts (commonly known as Badjaos) and the Subanons of the Zamboangas. The rest are migrants from Visayas and Luzon.
CLIMATE
The region has a moderate climate. It is relatively dry from November to May and at the rest of the year. It is located outside the “typhoon belt” area.
LAND USE
Western Mindanao’s land area is 15,997.3 sq. kms. This is 15.68% of the land in Mindanao and 5% of the Philippines’ total land area.
It has a total land area of 1,599,734 hectares of which 762,252 hectares have been classified as alienable and disposable and 837,482 as forestland .
NATURAL RESOURCES
The region has vast forest resources and previously used to export logs, lumber, veneer and plywood. Its mineral deposits include gold, chromite, coal, iron, lead and manganese. Among its non-metallic reserves are coal, silica, salt, marble, sand and gravel. Its fishing grounds are devoted to commercial and municipal fishing. It has also aqua farms for brackish water and freshwater fishes.
Its coastline of 1330 kms. gives it easy access to the Sulu Sea, Moro Gulf, Sindangan Bay, Pilas Channel and Celebes sea, which are some of the country’s richest fishing grounds. It has the biggest deposits of lead or 84%0 of the national total, zinc 49%, quartz, 52% and silica sand, 34%. It also has deposits of chromite, gold and marble. It is the major supplier of coal and silica sand in the country.
ECONOMY
It has the first export-processing zone in Mindanao. Farming and fishing are the main economic activities of the region. It also has rice and corn mills, oil processing, coffee berry processing and processing of latex from rubber. Its home industries include rattan and furniture craft, basket making, weaving and brass work.
URBAN CENTERS
The cities of Zamboanga, Dipolog and Pagadian serve as the centers of trade, commerce and education in the region. Zamboanga, the “Queen City of the South”, is a tourist destination besides being considered as the busiest city in Western Mindanao.
FACILITIES
As of 1996, only approximately 45% of the potential irrigable area of 62,600 hectares are irrigated. Only 40% of the region’s population have access to water and the 60% can get their drinking water from rivers, lakes and open ponds.
A 100 MW land based power plant in Sangali, Zamboanga City has addressed the power crisis of the 1990s. As of 1996, all carriers in the region have already installed 30,514 telephone lines with a working capacity of 18,549 lines.
Land, air and water transport are available in the region. Buses and jeepneys are the main land transport. Inter-island ships and airlines service passengers to and from Manila, Cebu, Zamboanga and other island provinces. Telecommunication facilities are provided by both the government and private sectors. Cities also have post offices and telegraph stations."

Philippines

 

"The second-largest archipelago in the world, with over 7000 tropical islands, the Philippines is one of the great treasures of Southeast Asia. Often overlooked by travellers because of its location on the ‘wrong’ side of the South China Sea, the Philippines rewards those who go the extra distance to reach it. And because it’s off the beaten path, the Philippines is a great place to escape the hordes who descend on other parts of Southeast Asia. First and foremost, the Philippines is a place of natural wonders – a string of coral-fringed islands strewn across a vast expanse of the western Pacific. Below sea level, the Philippines boasts some of the world’s best diving and snorkelling, including wreck diving around Coron and swimming with the whale sharks off Donsol. Above sea level, it has a fantastic landscape with wonders enough to stagger even the most jaded traveller: the Chocolate Hills of Bohol, Banaue & the Rice Terraces and fascinating reminders of the islands’ history in places such as Samar & Leyte and Vigan. And if you’re after palm-fringed, white-sand beaches, try laidback Sipalay or flat-out party town Boracay.

Of course, any traveller who has been here will tell you that it’s the people and their culture that makes the Philippines unique. Long poised at the centre of Southeast Asian trade, colonised by a succession of world powers, the Philippines is a vivid tapestry that reflects its varied cultural inheritance. And despite the poverty that afflicts much of the nation, the Filipinos themselves are among the most ebullient and easygoing people anywhere. The Philippines truly qualifies as one of the last great frontiers in Southeast Asian travel. Cross whichever ocean you need to and see for yourself."

Mindanao Regions

This is a map of the regions in Mindanao.

 

 

Here is the overview of Mindanao islands with provinces and cities.